The Impact of Climate Changes on International Trade Rates in Egypt During 1990-2022

Climate change is one of the most important current variables that affect the international economy through its impact on the productivity of many crops, in addition to its impact on international transportation through its impact on climate disturbances and rising sea levels. Its impact is not limited to these sectors, but rather extends to affect the structure of international tourism and the productivity of the industrial sector and the resulting change in the relative advantages of many countries. On the other hand, climate change is affected by economic activity associated with increased international activity. Therefore, the research aims to study this mutual impact between the two variables, to identify their mutual impact in Egypt using the statistical approach by using the ARDL joint integration analysis method and the VAR standard analysis model, during the period 1990-2022. The study showed that the impact of Egyptian international trade on climate change was limited to the short-term impact, perhaps due to the limited volume of Egyptian foreign trade relative to the size of the global economy, while the impact of climate change on Egyptian international trade was positive and its impact extended to the long term, perhaps due to the increase in Egyptian exports of manufactured goods due to the resort of many high-emission countries to importing goods that pollute the environment instead of Its local production, while agricultural and petroleum exports led to a reduction in emissions, while emissions increased as a result of the increase in international transport services, although the impact of climate change was negative on international transport services in Egypt due to weather disturbances and rising sea levels.